{"id":867,"date":"2020-10-01T10:30:53","date_gmt":"2020-10-01T15:30:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu\/ckjeel\/?p=867"},"modified":"2020-10-19T09:48:30","modified_gmt":"2020-10-19T14:48:30","slug":"bipartisan-bill-clears-greenhouse-gas-emissions-hurdle-on-hydrofluorocarbon-reduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu\/ckjeel\/2020\/10\/01\/bipartisan-bill-clears-greenhouse-gas-emissions-hurdle-on-hydrofluorocarbon-reduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Bipartisan Bill Clears Greenhouse Gas Emissions Hurdle on Hydrofluorocarbon Reduction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Republican and Democratic lawmakers have been negotiating a proposal within a senate energy bill that would result in an 85% cut to hydrofluorocarbon greenhouse gas emissions by 2035.<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a> Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are commonly used in refrigeration, air-conditioning, building insulation, fire extinguishing systems, and aerosols.<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[2]<\/a> The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/2089\/text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Energy Innovation Act<\/a> (AEIA) is a bipartisan energy innovation bill targeting investment in clean energy technologies.<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[3]<\/a> The bill&#8217;s proposed HFC amendment is a legislative response a 2017 federal court ruling striking down 2015 EPA regulations on HFCs.<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Despite general bipartisan support, the bill encountered hurdles related to HFC reduction and failed to move forward in March.<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0 The addition of HFC provisions to the AEIA resulted in contentious negotiations that stalled the bill, but a bipartisan agreement was reached on September 10.<a href=\"#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0 The HFCs amendment to the AEIA authorizes a 15-year, 85% phasedown of HFCs<a href=\"#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[7]<\/a> and addresses a myriad of concerns voiced during negotiation, such as exemptions for HFC \u201cessential uses\u201d and the creation of 150,000 jobs through alternative manufacturing.<a href=\"#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3><strong>The 2016 Kigali Amendment: Limiting HFCs under the Montreal Protocol <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The HFC-related section of the AEIA tracks closely with the Kigali Amendment, a part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues\/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer\/\">Montreal Protocol<\/a><a href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\"><u>[9]<\/u><\/a> that was championed by the U.S. and adopted by 197 countries in 2016.<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[10]<\/a>\u00a0 While the 1987 Montreal Protocol formalized a global effort to protect the ozone layer, the subsequent Kigali Amendment sought to specifically target HFCs through a gradual phase down.<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[11]<\/a> \u00a0The amendment established an international phase down plan beginning in 2019, with a goal of freezing consumption by 2024.<a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[12]<\/a> A 30-year goal to reduce 80% of HFC production and consumption would eliminate an estimated 80 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide, preventing a 0.5-degree Celsius \u00a0increase in global temperature by the end of the century.<a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0 The Kigali Amendment, a binding international treaty, has languished in the U.S. because it has not been submitted for a Senate vote by the current administration.<a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0 The AEIA, as a bipartisan energy bill with provisions mirroring the Kigali Amendment&#8217;s goals, may be a successful workaround for reducing HFC emissions.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a> Juliet Eilperin &amp; Steven Mufson, <em>In rare bipartisan climate agreement, senators forge plan to slash use of potent greenhouse gas<\/em>, Washington Post, (Sept. 10, 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/climate-environment\/2020\/09\/10\/rare-bipartisan-climate-agreement-senators-forge-plan-slash-use-potent-greenhouse-gas\/\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/climate-environment\/2020\/09\/10\/rare-bipartisan-climate-agreement-senators-forge-plan-slash-use-potent-greenhouse-gas\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> United States Environmental Protection Agency, <em>Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP)<\/em>, (Apr. 8, 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/snap\/reducing-hydrofluorocarbon-hfc-use-and-emissions-federal-sector-through-snap#:~:text=Hydrofluorocarbons%20(HFCs)%20are%20greenhouse%20gases,fire%20extinguishing%20systems%2C%20and%20aerosols\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/snap\/reducing-hydrofluorocarbon-hfc-use-and-emissions-federal-sector-through-snap#:~:text=Hydrofluorocarbons%20(HFCs)%20are%20greenhouse%20gases,fire%20extinguishing%20systems%2C%20and%20aerosols<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> Senate Committee on Energy &amp; Natural Resources, <em>American Energy Innovation Act<\/em>, (n.d.), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.senate.gov\/american-energy-innovation-act-aeia\">https:\/\/www.energy.senate.gov\/american-energy-innovation-act-aeia<\/a>; American Energy Innovation Act, H.R. 241, 114th Cong. \u00a7 2089 (2015), available at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/2089\/text\">https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/114th-congress\/senate-bill\/2089\/text<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> Cheryl Hogue &amp; Marc Reisch, <em>Court strikes down U.S. restrictions on HFCs<\/em>, Chemical &amp; Engineering News, (Aug. 8, 2017), <a href=\"https:\/\/cen.acs.org\/articles\/95\/web\/2017\/08\/Court-strikes-down-US-restrictions-on-HFCs.html\">https:\/\/cen.acs.org\/articles\/95\/web\/2017\/08\/Court-strikes-down-US-restrictions-on-HFCs.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a> Jeff St. John, <em>Massive Senate Energy Bill Falters<\/em>, Green Tech Media, (Mar. 11, 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greentechmedia.com\/articles\/read\/massive-senate-energy-bill-falters\">https:\/\/www.greentechmedia.com\/articles\/read\/massive-senate-energy-bill-falters<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[6]<\/a> Press Release, U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, <em>Carper, Barrasso, and Kennedy Announce Agreement on HFCs Amendment to Energy Bill<\/em>, (Sept. 10, 2020), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epw.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/2020\/9\/carper-barrasso-and-kennedy-announce-agreement-on-hfcs-amendment-to-energy-bill\">https:\/\/www.epw.senate.gov\/public\/index.cfm\/2020\/9\/carper-barrasso-and-kennedy-announce-agreement-on-hfcs-amendment-to-energy-bill<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[7]<\/a> <em>Id<\/em>. at 6<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[8]<\/a> <em>Id<\/em>. at 6<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> U.S. Department of State, <em>The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer<\/em>, (n.d.), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues\/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer\/\">https:\/\/www.state.gov\/key-topics-office-of-environmental-quality-and-transboundary-issues\/the-montreal-protocol-on-substances-that-deplete-the-ozone-layer\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> United States Environmental Protection Agency, <em>Recent International Developments under the Montreal Protocol<\/em>, (Sept. 26, 2018), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ozone-layer-protection\/recent-international-developments-under-montreal-protocol#:~:text=On%20October%2015%2C%202016%2C%20with,over%20the%20next%2030%20years\">https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ozone-layer-protection\/recent-international-developments-under-montreal-protocol#:~:text=On%20October%2015%2C%202016%2C%20with,over%20the%20next%2030%20years<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> <em>Id<\/em>. at 10.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> <em>Id<\/em>. at 10.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> <em>Id<\/em>. at 10.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[14]<\/a> <em>Id<\/em>. at 1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Republican and Democratic lawmakers have been negotiating a proposal within a senate energy bill that would result in an 85% cut to hydrofluorocarbon greenhouse gas emissions by 2035.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":869,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151],"class_list":["post-867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-in-the-news","tag-hfcs","tag-montreal-protocol","tag-kigali-amendment","tag-aeia","tag-hydrofluorocarbons","tag-american-energy-innovation-act","tag-u-s-senate","tag-greenhouse-gasses","tag-ghgs"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bipartisan Bill Clears Greenhouse Gas Emissions Hurdle on Hydrofluorocarbon Reduction - Chicago-Kent Journal of Environmental and Energy Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Republican and Democratic lawmakers have been 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