{"id":898,"date":"2020-10-16T13:35:30","date_gmt":"2020-10-16T18:35:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu\/ckjeel\/?p=898"},"modified":"2020-10-19T09:45:45","modified_gmt":"2020-10-19T14:45:45","slug":"u-s-epa-to-revise-lead-and-copper-rule-but-questions-remain-on-its-effectiveness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu\/ckjeel\/2020\/10\/16\/u-s-epa-to-revise-lead-and-copper-rule-but-questions-remain-on-its-effectiveness\/","title":{"rendered":"U.S. EPA to Revise Lead and Copper Rule, but Questions Remain on its Effectiveness"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In October 2019, U.S. EPA proposed a revision to the 1991 Lead and Copper Rule (LCR).<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[1]<\/a> The <em>New York Times<\/em> obtained a final draft of the proposed revision on September 27.<a href=\"#_edn2\">[2]<\/a> Interest in the LCR grew after residents of Flint, Michigan were widely exposed to lead through their drinking water supply in 2014.<a href=\"#_edn3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The original rule, adopted pursuant to the Safe Drinking Water Act, requires \u201cdrinking water systems to implement corrosion control measures when the lead level is above the \u2018action level\u2019 of 15 parts per billion (ppb).\u201d<a href=\"#_edn4\">[4]<\/a> The rule mandates the collection of household tap water samples, and if more than ten percent of samples exceed the lead action level of 15 ppb, municipal and regional water suppliers must begin to address the issue.<a href=\"#_edn5\">[5]<\/a> But if just ten percent or fewer of samples exceed the 15 ppb action level, water suppliers are not required to address those households with lead concentrations above 15 ppb&#8211;leaving some households with elevated lead levels but no corresponding requirement for water suppliers to act.<a href=\"#_edn6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The negative effects of lead exposure on neurological function are well documented.<a href=\"#_edn7\">[7]<\/a> As the Centers for Disease Control explains, \u201c[e]ven low-level lead exposures in developing babies have been found to affect behavior and intelligence.\u201d<a href=\"#_edn8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The new rule does not change the lead action level of 15 ppb, but instead installs a new \u201ctrigger level\u201d of 10 ppb that will impose \u201cmore proactive planning in communities with lead service lines \u2026 [including] inventory and more robust sampling.\u201d<a href=\"#_edn9\">[9]<\/a> Amendments to the rule intend to identify areas most affected by lead service lines and increase protection of children in schools and child care facilities.<a href=\"#_edn10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>While the new trigger level will spur action at a lower ppb level than before, the new rule decreases water utilities\u2019 annual responsibility to replace lead service lines from seven percent to just three percent when sampled tap water exceeds the 15 ppb action level.<a href=\"#_edn11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The proposed revision is likely to be finalized in the coming weeks following a public comment period. It is unclear how effective the rule will be in reducing lead exposure through drinking water, but an important factor to consider is the overarching purpose of the 1991 LCR: to \u201cestablish[ ] a Maximum Contaminant Level Goal of zero lead in drinking water,\u201d<a href=\"#_edn12\">[12]<\/a> as no level of lead in drinking water is considered safe.<\/p>\n<p>To accomplish that goal, six million lead lines would need to be replaced.<a href=\"https:\/\/studentorgs.kentlaw.iit.edu\/ckjeel\/2020\/10\/15\/trump-administration-moves-to-open-more-public-land-to-industry-in-tongass-national-forest-proposal\/\">[13]<\/a> By decreasing the rate of lead service line replacement, that goal is not advanced by the proposed revision.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[1]<\/a>Bernadette M. Rappold\u00a0and\u00a0Casey A. Shpall, <em>After Flint<\/em>, <em>EPA\u2019s New Lead Rule Proposal May Not Satisfy Critics<\/em>, Greenberg Traurig LLP (Oct. 24, 2019) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=24276425-4b7b-4696-b63e-13c703fdd4a9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=24276425-4b7b-4696-b63e-13c703fdd4a9<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[2]<\/a> Lisa Friedman, <em>E.P.A. to Promote Lead Testing Rule as Trump Tries to Burnish His Record<\/em>, N.Y. Times, (Sept. 27, 2020) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/27\/climate\/trump-environment-lead.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/09\/27\/climate\/trump-environment-lead.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[3]<\/a> Paolo Ziaclita, <em>EPA Proposes New Regulations for Lead in Drinking Water<\/em>, National Public Radio (Oct. 11, 2019) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/10\/11\/769047500\/epa-proposes-new-regulations-for-lead-in-drinking-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2019\/10\/11\/769047500\/epa-proposes-new-regulations-for-lead-in-drinking-water<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[4]<\/a> Rappold and Shpall, <em>supra<\/em> note 1.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[5]<\/a><i>Id<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn1\">[6]<\/a><i>Id<\/i>.;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn8\">[7]<\/a> <em>Lead Information for Workers Health Problems Cause by Lead<\/em>, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/lead\/health.html#:~:text=Exposure%20to%20high%20levels%20of,a%20developing%20baby's%20nervous%20system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/lead\/health.html#:~:text=Exposure%20to%20high%20levels%20of,a%20developing%20baby&#8217;s%20nervous%20system <\/a>(Last visited Oct. 15, 2020).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\">[8]<\/a>\u00a0<em>Id.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[9]<\/a> Allison A. Torrence, <em>EPA Proposes Overhaul of Lead and Copper Drinking Water Rule<\/em>, Jenner and Block LLP (Oct. 15, 2019), https:\/\/www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=df59965c-8a16-4bb5-af85-4b4b704ed6b8.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[10]<\/a> <em>Proposed Revisions to the Lead and Copper <\/em>Rule, The United States Environmental Protection Agency, https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ground-water-and-drinking-water\/proposed-revisions-lead-and-copper-rule (Last visited Oct. 14, 2020).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[11]<\/a> Rappold and Shpall, <em>supra,<\/em> note 1.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[12]<\/a> <em>Id<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[13]<\/a> Coral Davenport, <em>New E.P.A. Lead Standards Would Slow Replacement of Dangerous Pipes<\/em>, N.Y. Times (Oct. 10 2019), https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/10\/10\/climate\/epa-lead-water-pipes.html.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>While EPA&#8217;s proposed Lead and Copper Rule revision triggers level action at lower lead levels, the new rule decreases water utilities\u2019 annual responsibility to replace lead service lines.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":899,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,3],"tags":[119,139,141,172,173,174],"class_list":["post-898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-in-the-news","tag-u-s-epa","tag-water","tag-water-quality","tag-lead","tag-safe-water-drinking-act","tag-lead-and-copper-rule"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>U.S. EPA to Revise Lead and Copper Rule, but Questions Remain on its Effectiveness - 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